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''Bandiera Rossa'' (Italian for "Red Flag"), often also called ''Avanti Popolo'' after its opening words, is one of the most famous songs of the Italian labour movement. It glorifies the red flag, symbol of the socialist and communist movement. The text was written by Carlo Tuzzi in 1908; the melody is taken from two Lombard folk songs. Apart from the first Italian text, there are several variants which are identified with certain socialist or communist parties. The last two lines "''Evviva il comunismo e la libertà''" were put in the text after the rise of Benito Mussolini; at the same time the original beginning "''Compagni avanti alla riscossa''" was changed to "''Avanti o popolo, alla riscossa''". Also, the word "''comunismo''" at the end of the chorus is often replaced with "''socialismo''", especially in more recent renderings of the song. ''Bandiera Rossa'' was notably quoted in Frederic Rzewski's piano work ''The People United Will Never Be Defeated!''. A notable cover of the song was made by Slovenian punk-rock band Pankrti in 1984 on the Rdeči album (Red album).〔http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6J7ri91oVcM〕〔http://www.discogs.com/Pankrti-Rde%C4%8Di-Album/release/771343〕 From the song's opening words is derived the title of the 1986 Israeli film '' Avanti Popolo''. The film's protagonists - very non-heroic Israeli and Egyptian soldiers wandering the Sinai Desert in the aftermath of the 1967 War - in one scene sing the song in a rather facetious way. ==Excerpt from the text== This version translated for marxists.org by Clara Statello and Mitchell Abidor. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bandiera Rossa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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